001-34819 | 95-4766827 | |
(Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
3465 East Foothill Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91107 | (626) 765-2000 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code) |
GREEN DOT CORPORATION | |||
By: | /s/ Mark Shifke | ||
Mark Shifke | |||
Chief Financial Officer |
• | GAAP and non-GAAP total operating revenues of $341 million and $326 million, respectively, each up organically 6% |
• | GAAP net income and GAAP diluted EPS of $64 million and $1.17, respectively |
• | Adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP EPS of $119 million and $1.51, up 9% and 8%, respectively |
• | Updated 2019 financial outlook to reflect investment in growth |
• | Total operating revenues on a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) basis were $340.5 million for the first quarter of 2019, up from $320.3 million for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 6%. |
• | GAAP net income was $64.0 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $70.0 million for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year decrease of 9%. |
• | GAAP diluted earnings per common share was $1.17 for the first quarter of 2019, compared to $1.29 for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year decrease of 9%. |
• | Non-GAAP total operating revenues1 were $325.7 million for the first quarter of 2019, up from $307.2 million for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 6%. |
• | Adjusted EBITDA1 was $119.0 million, or 36.5% of non-GAAP total operating revenues1 for the first quarter of 2019, up from $109.5 million, or 35.6% of non-GAAP total operating revenues1 for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 9%. |
• | Non-GAAP net income1 was $82.5 million for the first quarter of 2019, up from $75.9 million for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 9%. |
• | Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share1 was $1.51 for the first quarter of 2019, up from $1.40 for the first quarter of 2018, representing a year-over-year increase of 8%. |
1 | Reconciliations of total operating revenues to non-GAAP total operating revenues, net income to non-GAAP net income, diluted earnings per share to non-GAAP diluted earnings per share and net income to adjusted EBITDA, respectively, are provided in the tables immediately following the consolidated financial statements. Additional information about the Company's non-GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “About Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below. |
2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Q1 | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Gross dollar volume | $ | 12,977 | $ | 9,809 | $ | 9,088 | $ | 9,413 | $ | 11,719 | ||||||
Number of active accounts at quarter end | 6.05 | 5.34 | 5.43 | 5.86 | 6.01 | |||||||||||
Purchase volume | $ | 8,200 | $ | 6,276 | $ | 5,918 | $ | 6,325 | $ | 7,470 | ||||||
Number of cash transfers | 10.98 | 10.91 | 10.68 | 10.56 | 10.10 | |||||||||||
Number of tax refunds processed | 9.39 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 2.79 | 8.75 |
2 | For additional information, see reconciliations of forward-looking guidance for these non-GAAP financial measures to their respective, most directly comparable projected GAAP financial measures provided in the tables immediately following the reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
• | Green Dot expects its full year non-GAAP total operating revenues2 to be between $1.114 billion and $1.134 billion, representing 10% year-over-year increase at the mid-point. |
• | For Q2, Green Dot expects non-GAAP total operating revenues2 to be approximately $261 million, representing a 3% year-over-year increase. |
• | Green Dot now expects its full year adjusted EBITDA2 to be between $255 million and $261 million, representing a 6% year-over-year decline at the mid-point, versus its previous guidance of $315 million and $321 million. |
• | Green Dot now expects its full year non-GAAP EPS2 to be between $2.82 and $2.91, representing a 13% year-over-year decline at the mid-point, versus its previous guidance range of $3.59 to $3.67. |
Range | |||||||
Low | High | ||||||
(In millions except per share data) | |||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 255.0 | $ | 261.0 | |||
Depreciation and amortization* | (49.5 | ) | (49.5 | ) | |||
Net interest expense ** | (0.7 | ) | (0.7 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP pre-tax income | $ | 204.8 | $ | 210.8 | |||
Tax impact*** | (48.1 | ) | (49.5 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP net income | $ | 156.7 | $ | 161.3 | |||
Diluted weighted-average shares issued and outstanding | 55.5 | 55.5 | |||||
Non-GAAP earnings per share | $ | 2.82 | $ | 2.91 |
* | Excludes the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets |
** | Excludes the impact of amortization of deferred financing costs |
*** | Assumes a non-GAAP effective tax rate of 23.5% for full year. |
2 | For additional information, see reconciliations of forward-looking guidance for these non-GAAP financial measures to their respective, most directly comparable projected GAAP financial measures provided in the tables immediately following the reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA. |
March 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||
Assets | (In thousands, except par value) | ||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,676,470 | $ | 1,094,728 | |||
Restricted cash | 4,355 | 490 | |||||
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value | 19,981 | 19,960 | |||||
Settlement assets | 339,220 | 153,992 | |||||
Accounts receivable, net | 34,108 | 40,942 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 49,010 | 57,070 | |||||
Income tax receivable | — | 8,772 | |||||
Total current assets | 2,123,144 | 1,375,954 | |||||
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value | 205,599 | 181,223 | |||||
Loans to bank customers, net of allowance for loan losses of $948 and $1,144 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively | 18,943 | 21,363 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 8,777 | 8,125 | |||||
Property and equipment, net | 126,954 | 120,269 | |||||
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 15,480 | — | |||||
Deferred expenses | 13,033 | 21,201 | |||||
Net deferred tax assets | 11,275 | 7,867 | |||||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 542,941 | 551,116 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 3,066,146 | $ | 2,287,118 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 47,072 | $ | 38,631 | |||
Deposits | 1,624,732 | 1,005,485 | |||||
Obligations to customers | 189,671 | 58,370 | |||||
Settlement obligations | 20,351 | 5,788 | |||||
Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts | 1,370 | 1,681 | |||||
Other accrued liabilities | 120,056 | 134,000 | |||||
Operating lease liabilities | 5,909 | — | |||||
Deferred revenue | 24,034 | 34,607 | |||||
Note payable | — | 58,705 | |||||
Income tax payable | 7,040 | 67 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 2,040,235 | 1,337,334 | |||||
Other accrued liabilities | 18,522 | 30,927 | |||||
Operating lease liabilities | 15,878 | — | |||||
Net deferred tax liabilities | 12,796 | 9,045 | |||||
Total liabilities | 2,087,431 | 1,377,306 | |||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; 53,148 and 52,917 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively | 53 | 53 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 384,447 | 380,753 | |||||
Retained earnings | 593,186 | 529,143 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,029 | (137 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 978,715 | 909,812 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,066,146 | $ | 2,287,118 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||
Operating revenues: | |||||||
Card revenues and other fees | $ | 129,577 | $ | 130,060 | |||
Processing and settlement service revenues | 107,579 | 100,240 | |||||
Interchange revenues | 92,541 | 84,698 | |||||
Interest income, net | 10,817 | 5,344 | |||||
Total operating revenues | 340,514 | 320,342 | |||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||
Sales and marketing expenses | 98,701 | 91,968 | |||||
Compensation and benefits expenses | 61,475 | 54,507 | |||||
Processing expenses | 51,632 | 48,425 | |||||
Other general and administrative expenses | 47,321 | 43,718 | |||||
Total operating expenses | 259,129 | 238,618 | |||||
Operating income | 81,385 | 81,724 | |||||
Interest expense, net | 1,471 | 1,260 | |||||
Income before income taxes | 79,914 | 80,464 | |||||
Income tax expense | 15,871 | 10,433 | |||||
Net income | $ | 64,043 | $ | 70,031 | |||
Basic earnings per common share: | $ | 1.21 | $ | 1.36 | |||
Diluted earnings per common share: | $ | 1.17 | $ | 1.29 | |||
Basic weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding: | 53,050 | 51,439 | |||||
Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding: | 54,551 | 54,234 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Operating activities | |||||||
Net income | $ | 64,043 | $ | 70,031 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment | 10,882 | 8,922 | |||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 8,174 | 8,236 | |||||
Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts | 23,573 | 18,385 | |||||
Employee stock-based compensation | 14,815 | 9,360 | |||||
Amortization of (discount) premium on available-for-sale investment securities | (140 | ) | 320 | ||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 996 | 398 | |||||
Impairment of capitalized software | 100 | — | |||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts receivable, net | (16,739 | ) | (12,626 | ) | |||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 6,974 | (6,111 | ) | ||||
Deferred expenses | 8,168 | 7,183 | |||||
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities | (10,217 | ) | (18,936 | ) | |||
Deferred revenue | (10,718 | ) | (6,480 | ) | |||
Income tax receivable/payable | 15,729 | 10,136 | |||||
Other, net | (255 | ) | 51 | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 115,385 | 88,869 | |||||
Investing activities | |||||||
Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities | (35,782 | ) | (13,774 | ) | |||
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities | 12,948 | 17,676 | |||||
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | 101 | 124 | |||||
Payments for acquisition of property and equipment | (19,312 | ) | (13,386 | ) | |||
Net decrease (increase) in loans | 1,754 | (1,143 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (40,291 | ) | (10,503 | ) | |||
Financing activities | |||||||
Repayments of borrowings from notes payable | (60,000 | ) | (5,625 | ) | |||
Proceeds from exercise of options | 705 | 7,802 | |||||
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (11,826 | ) | (15,898 | ) | |||
Net increase in deposits | 620,998 | 271,092 | |||||
Net (decrease) increase in obligations to customers | (39,364 | ) | 9,115 | ||||
Contingent consideration payments | — | (202 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 510,513 | 266,284 | |||||
Net increase in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 585,607 | 344,650 | |||||
Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 1,095,218 | 1,010,095 | |||||
Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 1,680,825 | $ | 1,354,745 | |||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 1,094 | $ | 1,118 | |||
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 38 | $ | 80 | |||
Reconciliation of unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period: | |||||||
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,676,470 | $ | 1,268,137 | |||
Restricted cash | 4,355 | 86,608 | |||||
Total unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 1,680,825 | $ | 1,354,745 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
Account Services | Processing and Settlement Services | Corporate and Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 239,633 | $ | 110,649 | $ | (9,768 | ) | $ | 340,514 | ||||||
Operating expenses | 176,787 | 54,515 | 27,827 | 259,129 | |||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 62,846 | $ | 56,134 | $ | (37,595 | ) | $ | 81,385 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||
Account Services | Processing and Settlement Services | Corporate and Other | Total | ||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 227,624 | $ | 102,012 | $ | (9,294 | ) | $ | 320,342 | ||||||
Operating expenses | 169,710 | 50,451 | 18,457 | 238,618 | |||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 57,914 | $ | 51,561 | $ | (27,751 | ) | $ | 81,724 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Total operating revenues | $ | 340,514 | $ | 320,342 | |||
Net revenue adjustments (8) | (14,797 | ) | (13,132 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP total operating revenues | $ | 325,717 | $ | 307,210 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Account Services | |||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 239,633 | $ | 227,624 | |||
Net revenue adjustments (8) | (11,425 | ) | (9,425 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP operating revenues | $ | 228,208 | $ | 218,199 | |||
Processing and Settlement Services | |||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 110,649 | $ | 102,012 | |||
Net revenue adjustments (8) | (3,372 | ) | (3,707 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP operating revenues | $ | 107,277 | $ | 98,305 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | |||||||
Net income | $ | 64,043 | $ | 70,031 | |||
Employee stock-based compensation and related employer payroll taxes (3) | 15,583 | 10,486 | |||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles (4) | 8,174 | 8,236 | |||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs (5) | 996 | 398 | |||||
Impairment charges (5) | 100 | — | |||||
Extraordinary severance expenses (6) | 2,856 | 106 | |||||
Other (income) expense (5) | (133 | ) | — | ||||
Income tax effect (7) | (9,077 | ) | (13,373 | ) | |||
Non-GAAP net income | $ | 82,542 | $ | 75,884 | |||
Diluted earnings per common share | |||||||
GAAP | $ | 1.17 | $ | 1.29 | |||
Non-GAAP | $ | 1.51 | $ | 1.40 | |||
Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding | 54,551 | 54,234 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||
(In thousands) | |||||
Class A common stock outstanding as of March 31: | 53,148 | 51,842 | |||
Weighting adjustment | (98 | ) | (403 | ) | |
Dilutive potential shares: | |||||
Stock options | 168 | 535 | |||
Service based restricted stock units | 679 | 1,337 | |||
Performance based restricted stock units | 641 | 915 | |||
Employee stock purchase plan | 13 | 8 | |||
Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding | 54,551 | 54,234 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2019 | 2018 | ||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||
Net income | $ | 64,043 | $ | 70,031 | |||
Interest expense, net (2) | 1,471 | 1,260 | |||||
Income tax expense | 15,871 | 10,433 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment (2) | 10,882 | 8,922 | |||||
Employee stock-based compensation and related employer payroll taxes (2)(3) | 15,583 | 10,486 | |||||
Amortization of acquired intangibles (2)(4) | 8,174 | 8,236 | |||||
Impairment charges (2)(5) | 100 | — | |||||
Extraordinary severance expenses (2)(6) | 2,856 | 106 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 118,980 | $ | 109,474 | |||
Non-GAAP total operating revenues | $ | 325,717 | $ | 307,210 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA/Non-GAAP total operating revenues (adjusted EBITDA margin) | 36.5 | % | 35.6 | % |
FY 2019 | ||||||||||||
Range | ||||||||||||
Q2 2019 | Low | High | ||||||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||||||
Total operating revenues | $ | 276 | $ | 1,167 | $ | 1,187 | ||||||
Net revenue adjustments (8) | (15 | ) | (53 | ) | (53 | ) | ||||||
Non-GAAP total operating revenues | $ | 261 | $ | 1,114 | $ | 1,134 |
FY 2019 | ||||||||
Range | ||||||||
Low | High | |||||||
(In millions) | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 83.8 | $ | 88.5 | ||||
Adjustments (9) | 171.2 | 172.5 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 255.0 | $ | 261.0 | ||||
Non-GAAP total operating revenues | $ | 1,134 | $ | 1,114 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA / Non-GAAP total operating revenues (Adjusted EBITDA margin) | 22.5 | % | 23.4 | % |
FY 2019 | ||||||||
Range | ||||||||
Low | High | |||||||
(In millions, except per share data) | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 83.8 | $ | 88.5 | ||||
Adjustments (9) | 72.9 | 72.8 | ||||||
Non-GAAP net income | $ | 156.7 | $ | 161.3 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share | ||||||||
GAAP | $ | 1.51 | $ | 1.59 | ||||
Non-GAAP | $ | 2.82 | $ | 2.91 | ||||
Diluted weighted-average shares issued and outstanding | 55.5 | 55.5 |
(1) | To supplement the Company’s consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP, the Company uses measures of operating results that are adjusted to exclude various, primarily non-cash, expenses and charges. These financial measures are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to or substitutes for operating revenues, operating income, net income or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. These financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other organizations because other organizations may not calculate their measures in the same manner as the Company does. These financial measures are adjusted to eliminate the impact of items that the Company does not consider indicative of its core operating performance. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons the Company considers them appropriate. |
▪ | the Company records employee stock-based compensation from period to period, and recorded employee stock-based compensation expenses and related employer payroll taxes of approximately $15.6 million and $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. By comparing the Company’s adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in different historical periods, investors can evaluate the Company’s operating results without the additional variations caused by employee stock-based compensation expense and related employer payroll taxes, which may not be comparable from period to period due to changes in the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock (which is influenced by external factors like the volatility of public markets and the financial performance of the Company’s peers) and is not a key measure of the Company’s operations; |
▪ | adjusted EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items, such as non-operating net interest income and expense, income tax benefit and expense, depreciation and amortization, employee stock-based compensation and related employer payroll taxes, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, impairment charges, severance costs related to extraordinary personnel reductions, and other charges and income that can vary substantially from company to company depending upon their respective financing structures and accounting policies, the book values of their assets, their capital structures and the methods by which their assets were acquired; and |
▪ | securities analysts use adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to evaluate the overall operating performance of companies. |
▪ | as measures of operating performance, because they exclude the impact of items not directly resulting from the Company’s core operations; |
▪ | for planning purposes, including the preparation of the Company’s annual operating budget; |
▪ | to allocate resources to enhance the financial performance of the Company’s business; |
▪ | to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company’s business strategies; |
▪ | to establish metrics for variable compensation; and |
▪ | in communications with the Company’s board of directors concerning the Company’s financial performance. |
▪ | that these measures do not reflect the Company’s capital expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or other contractual commitments; |
▪ | that these measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, the Company’s working capital needs; |
▪ | that these measures do not reflect interest expense or interest income; |
▪ | that these measures do not reflect cash requirements for income taxes; |
▪ | that, although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated or amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and these measures do not reflect any cash requirements for these replacements; and |
▪ | that other companies in the Company’s industry may calculate these measures differently than the Company does, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. |
(2) | The Company does not include any income tax impact of the associated non-GAAP adjustment to adjusted EBITDA, as the case may be, because each of these non-GAAP financial measures is provided before income tax expense. |
(3) | This expense consists primarily of expenses for restricted stock units (including performance-based restricted stock units) and related employer payroll taxes. Employee stock-based compensation expense is not comparable from period to period due to |
(4) | The Company excludes certain income and expenses that are the result of acquisitions. These acquisition related adjustments include items such as the amortization of acquired intangible assets, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, settlements of contingencies established at time of acquisition and other acquisition related charges, such as integration charges and professional and legal fees, which result in the Company recording expenses or fair value adjustments in its GAAP financial statements. The Company analyzes the performance of its operations without regard to these adjustments. In determining whether any acquisition related adjustment is appropriate, the Company takes into consideration, among other things, how such adjustments would or would not aid in the understanding of the performance of its operations. These items are included as a component of other general and administrative expenses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations, as applicable for the periods presented. |
(5) | The Company excludes certain income and expenses that are not reflective of ongoing operating results. It is difficult to estimate the amount or timing of these items in advance. Although these events are reflected in the Company's GAAP financial statements, the Company excludes them in its non-GAAP financial measures because the Company believes these items may limit the comparability of ongoing operations with prior and future periods. These adjustments include items such as amortization attributable to deferred financing costs, impairment charges related to internal-use software, realized gains or losses on the sale of investment securities, legal settlement expenses and other income and expenses, as applicable for the periods presented. In determining whether any such adjustment is appropriate, the Company takes into consideration, among other things, how such adjustments would or would not aid in the understanding of the performance of its operations. Each of these adjustments, except for amortization of deferred financing costs and realized gains and losses on the sale of investment securities, which are included as a component of interest income/expense, are included within other general and administrative expenses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. |
(6) | During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded charges of $2.9 million for severance costs related to extraordinary personnel reductions. Although severance expenses are an ordinary part of its operations, the magnitude and scale of this ongoing reduction in workforce for redundancies is not expected to be repeated. This expense is included as a component of compensation and benefits expenses on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. |
(7) | Represents the tax effect for the related non-GAAP measure adjustments using the Company's year to date non-GAAP effective tax rate. It also excludes both the impact of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and the portion of the GAAP IRC §162(m) limitation related to performance based restricted stock units expense as of March 31, 2019. |
(8) | Represents commissions and certain processing-related costs associated with Banking as a Service ("BaaS") products and services where Green Dot does not control customer acquisition. |
(9) | These amounts represent estimated adjustments for non-operating net interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, employee stock-based compensation and related employer taxes, contingent consideration, impairment charges, severance costs related to extraordinary personnel reductions, and other income and expenses. Employee stock-based compensation expense includes assumptions about the future fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock (which is influenced by external factors like the volatility of public markets and the financial performance of the Company’s peers). |